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History and Introduction The Basel problem involves finding the sum of the reciprocals of the squares of the natural numbers. In mathematical terms, it can be expressed as: \[ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^2} = \frac{1}{1^2} + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{3^2} + \frac{1}{4^2} + \ldots \] Pietro Mengoli initially posed this problem in 1650. Many mathematicians attempted to solve…